After the purchase of 24 IAI Kfir C-1s was blocked by the USA because the Kfir used the American-produced J79 jet engine, the Fuerza Aerea Mexicana ordered ten F-5Es and two F-5Fs in 1981. These were delivered between August and November 1984. They featured leading edge fin extensions and had a prominent dorsal antenna spine. These equip 401 Escuadron Aereo de Defensa as part of No 7 Group based at Santa Lucia.
On 16 September 1995, after more than 30 military parade flights without incidents, an F-5E collided in mid-air with three Lockheed T-33s during the military parade for the Independence of Mexico. A total of 10 deaths occurred.
Mexico is in the market for an aircraft to replace its ageing F-5s.