In March of 1986, the US Marine Corps decided to form its own adversary squadron–VFMT-401 “Snipers”, a reserve unit based at MCAS Yuma, Arizona. VFMT-401 was initially equipped with IAI F-21A Kfirs. When the Kfirs were returned to Israel in 1989, they were replaced by F-5Es drawn from storage at Davis Monthan–these planes having previously been operating with the 64th and 65th Agressor Squadrons of the USAF.
As of January 2000, VFMT-401 was operating 11 F-5Es and a single F-5F at MCAS Yuma. There is no replacement in sight, which should leave the Marine Corps with the only pure dissimiar air combat training program still functioning in the US armed forces.